The geography of the Sultanate is a study in dramatic contrasts. It boasts a vast coastline stretching over 3,000 kilometers, pristine beaches, and deep blue seas. Inland, the rugged Al Hajar mountain range gives way to expansive deserts, including the iconic Rub’ al Khali (The Empty Quarter). In the south, the ظفار region undergoes a miraculous transformation during the annual Khareef (monsoon), turning the landscape into a lush, green paradise. This geographical diversity is not just beautiful; it is the bedrock of the nation’s varied economic strengths, from its ports and fisheries to its tourism and mineral resources.